Difference between revisions of "Exam Summaries"
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| || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(07).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(07).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | ||
| || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #7)'''</span> | || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #7)'''</span> | ||
| − | || [[Germani.GovtIns]] | + | || <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''5'''</sup></span> [[Germani.GovtIns]] | 
| || '''crop insurance''': private/public roles, RMAs, social welfare systems | || '''crop insurance''': private/public roles, RMAs, social welfare systems | ||
| || essay | || essay | ||
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| || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(12).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(12).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | ||
| || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #12)'''</span> | || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #12)'''</span> | ||
| − | || [[Odomirok.6-7-BS]], [[Odomirok.8-9-IS]] | + | || <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''4'''</sup></span> [[Odomirok.6-7-BS]], [[Odomirok.8-9-IS]] | 
| || '''calculate''': total assets ''(and give an example of a non-admitted asset)'' | || '''calculate''': total assets ''(and give an example of a non-admitted asset)'' | ||
| || <span style="color: red;">'''calc'''</span> | || <span style="color: red;">'''calc'''</span> | ||
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| || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(15).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(15).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | ||
| || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #15)'''</span> | || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #15)'''</span> | ||
| − | || [[Odomirok.14-F]] | + | || <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''3'''</sup></span> [[Odomirok.14-F]] | 
| || '''calculate''': reinsurance provision, '''describe''': mapping between B/S & Schedule F | || '''calculate''': reinsurance provision, '''describe''': mapping between B/S & Schedule F | ||
| || essay / <span style="color: red;">'''calc'''</span> | || essay / <span style="color: red;">'''calc'''</span> | ||
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| || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(21).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(21).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | ||
| || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #21)'''</span> | || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #21)'''</span> | ||
| − | || [[Odomirok.22-23-GAAP]] | + | || <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''2'''</sup></span>  [[Odomirok.22-23-GAAP]] | 
| − | || '''calculate''': goodwill, '''interpret''': impact of sale on GAAP, goodwill under SAP & GAAP  | + | || '''calculate''': goodwill, '''interpret''': impact of sale on GAAP, goodwill under SAP & GAAP | 
| || essay / <span style="color: red;">'''calc'''</span> | || essay / <span style="color: red;">'''calc'''</span> | ||
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| || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(26).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | || [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/Exam_(2019_2-Fall)/(2019_2-Fall)_(26).pdf <span style='font-size: 12px; background-color: yellow; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 5px; padding: 2px 5px 2px 5px; margin: 5px;'>E</span>] | ||
| || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #26)'''</span> | || <span style="color: red;">'''(2019.Fall #26)'''</span> | ||
| − | || [[Klann.ReinsComm]], [[Odomirok.10-Notes]] | + | || <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''1'''</sup></span> [[Klann.ReinsComm]], [[Odomirok.10-Notes]] | 
| − | || '''commutations''': definition, impact on losses & reserves, ann. stmt. disclosures  | + | || '''commutations''': definition, impact on losses & reserves, ann. stmt. disclosures | 
| || essay | || essay | ||
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| : <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''2'''</sup></span> The examiners' report solution to this question is outdated. For an explanation, see ''[https://www.battleacts6us.ca/vanillaforum6us/discussion/573/f-2019-b#latest this forum discussion]''. | : <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''2'''</sup></span> The examiners' report solution to this question is outdated. For an explanation, see ''[https://www.battleacts6us.ca/vanillaforum6us/discussion/573/f-2019-b#latest this forum discussion]''. | ||
| + | |||
| + | : <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''3'''</sup></span> The examiners' report contains an error in the answer to part (c). It says that "ceded amount payable to reinsurer" is not an acceptable answer. This <u>is</u> an acceptable answer however. | ||
| + | |||
| + | : <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''4'''</sup></span> 2019.F.12 listing real estate as a non-admitted asset is an error. According to the Odomirok text regarding non-admitted asset and real estate: ''Amounts held of specific types of bonds, stocks, mortgage loans or real estate that are in excess of limitations that exist in specific states.'' So, real estate is not <u>fully</u> non-admitted. | ||
| + | |||
| + | : <span style="color: red;"><sup>'''5'''</sup></span> For part (a), the examiners' report incorrectly states that the federal government is the reinsurer. ''(It is RMA that is the reinsurer.)'' | ||
| ==2019 Spring== | ==2019 Spring== | ||
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| [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/average_scores_2019_1.pdf <span style="font-size: 20px; background-color: lightblue; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 10px; padding: 2px 10px 2px 10px; margin: 10px;">'''2019.Spring Avg Scores - All Candidates'''</span>] | [https://www.battleacts6us.ca/pdf/average_scores_2019_1.pdf <span style="font-size: 20px; background-color: lightblue; border: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 10px; padding: 2px 10px 2px 10px; margin: 10px;">'''2019.Spring Avg Scores - All Candidates'''</span>] | ||
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| ==2018 Fall== | ==2018 Fall== | ||
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Latest revision as of 12:43, 16 April 2025
2022 Spring
Note: Thank you to everyone who submitted their grade report. The number of grade reports now seems credible and the statistics aren't changing with the inclusion of additional grade reports.
The following estimate is based on currently available grade reports submitted from unsuccessful candidates:
- Estimated %-score required to pass Exam 6U in 2022-Spring - 69.2% 
Exam summaries as provided for 2019-Fall and earlier are no longer available because the CAS has stopped publishing exams and providing detailed grade reports to unsuccessful candidates. The grade reports currently provided to unsuccessful candidates now show only a 10% score range for each major learning objective. For example: Section A: 60-70%. Here are the average scores for each section across all candidates from whom we received a grade report:
- Section - Learning Objective - Average Score - A - Regulation of Insurance and U.S. Insurance Law - 88% - B - Government & Industry Insurance Programs - 68% - C - Financial Reporting & Taxation - 60% - D - Professional Responsibilities - 75% - E - Reinsurance Accounting Principles - 44% 
Score distribution and number of score reports received:
- Candidate Score - Number of Candidates - not provided - 2 - 0 - 0 - 1 - 0 - 2 - 0 - 3 - 0 - 4 - 7 - 5 - 7 - Total - 16 
2019 Fall
2019.Fall Avg Scores - All Candidates
- Questions highlighted in orange are outdated. 
- link - reference - paper tested - topic - type of problem - E - (2019.Fall #1) - NAIC.Telematics - UBI: benefits & concerns - essay - E - (2019.Fall #2) - Dearie.Excess - surplus lines: advantages, regulatory requirements - essay - E - (2019.Fall #3) - Vaughan.Crisis - regulation: judging effectiveness, reasons for failure, strengths of U.S. system - essay - E - (2019.Fall #4) - Porter.12-Insolvency - insolvency: types of corrective action by commissioner - essay - E - (2019.Fall #5) - Feldblum.Ratings, Odomirok.19-RBC - financial strength ratings: uses, capital requirements, comparison to RBC - essay - E - (2019.Fall #6) - Porter.2-Devlpt - legal: Paul v VA, SEUA case, McCarran-Ferguson Act - essay - E - (2019.Fall #7) - 5 Germani.GovtIns - crop insurance: private/public roles, RMAs, social welfare systems - essay - E - (2019.Fall #8) - Horn2018.Flood - flood insurance: FEMA & NFIP, private flood insurance (issues & barriers) - essay - E - (2019.Fall #9) - Cook.Personal - ARPs: social purpose, FAIR plans: uninsurable exposures, DIC policy - essay - E - (2019.Fall #10) - Germani.GovtIns - WC: impacts of lack of WC, federal & state WC programs - essay - E - (2019.Fall #11) - Odomirok.6-7-BS, Odomirok.8-9-IS - calculate: U/W income, year-end liabilities - calc - E - (2019.Fall #12) - 4 Odomirok.6-7-BS, Odomirok.8-9-IS - calculate: total assets (and give an example of a non-admitted asset) - calc - E - (2019.Fall #13) - Odomirok.8-9-IS, NAIC.SSAP-62R - reinsurance accounting: impact on Income Statement - essay - E - (2019.Fall #14) - Odomirok.15-P - calculate: closure rates, average case O/S: calculation, importance, cautions - essay / calc - E - (2019.Fall #15) - 3 Odomirok.14-F - calculate: reinsurance provision, describe: mapping between B/S & Schedule F - essay / calc - E - (2019.Fall #16) - Odomirok.10-Notes - notes to fin. stmts.: structured settlements, high deducs, credit risk, uncoll. reins. - essay - E - (2019.Fall #17) - NAIC.IRIS - calculate: IRIS ratios 4 & 9 - calc - E - (2019.Fall #18) - Odomirok.19-RBC, NAIC.IRIS - calculate: RBC R2 charge, interpret: RBC trend test, IRIS 5 - calc - E - (2019.Fall #19) - Odomirok.19-RBC - calculate: compnents of R4 charge, L+LAE resv, interpret: impact of new LOB on R4 - essay / calc - E - (2019.Fall #20) - Odomirok.6-7-BS, Odomirok.22-23-GAAP - calculate: SAP & GAAP bonds values, interpret: SAP vs GAAP - essay / calc - E - (2019.Fall #21) - 2 Odomirok.22-23-GAAP - calculate: goodwill, interpret: impact of sale on GAAP, goodwill under SAP & GAAP - essay / calc - E - (2019.Fall #22) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: language for OPINION, items in Exhibit B - essay - E - (2019.Fall #23) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: materiality, RMAD, subsequent events (see NAIC.SSAP-62R) - essay / calc - E - (2019.Fall #24) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO, AOS, Actuarial Report: users, purpose, public or confidential - essay - E - (2019.Fall #25) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: disclosures in SCOPE section, provide an OPINION - essay - E - (2019.Fall #26) - 1 Klann.ReinsComm, Odomirok.10-Notes - commutations: definition, impact on losses & reserves, ann. stmt. disclosures - essay - E - (2019.Fall #27) - Freihaut.Reins - risk transfer tests: 10-10 rule, ERD rule, pitfalls in a risk transfer test (reinsurer expenses) - essay 
- 1 The answer to part (c) of this problem in the examiners' report likely contains an error. According to the Klann source text, a commutation will distort the claim closure rates in Part 5 of the reinsurer’s Schedule P, since from the reinsurer’s standpoint a commuted claim is considered to be closed. No mention is made regarding distortion of the ceding insurer's closure rates.
- 2 The examiners' report solution to this question is outdated. For an explanation, see this forum discussion.
- 3 The examiners' report contains an error in the answer to part (c). It says that "ceded amount payable to reinsurer" is not an acceptable answer. This is an acceptable answer however.
- 4 2019.F.12 listing real estate as a non-admitted asset is an error. According to the Odomirok text regarding non-admitted asset and real estate: Amounts held of specific types of bonds, stocks, mortgage loans or real estate that are in excess of limitations that exist in specific states. So, real estate is not fully non-admitted.
- 5 For part (a), the examiners' report incorrectly states that the federal government is the reinsurer. (It is RMA that is the reinsurer.)
2019 Spring
2019.Spring Avg Scores - All Candidates
- Questions highlighted in orange are outdated. 
- link - reference - paper tested - topic - type of problem - E - (2019.Spring #1) - NAIC.Telematics - UBI: benefits & concerns - essay - E - (2019.Spring #2) - Porter.5-Opns-State, Porter.8-Rates - rate filings: disapproval, level of regulatory scrutiny - essay - E - (2019.Spring #3) - NAIC.Solvency, Porter.12-Insolvency - insolvencies: reasons, stages of regulatory intervention, slow regulatory response - essay - E - (2019.Spring #4) - Porter.2-Devlpt - regulation: Paul v VA, U.S. v SEUA, NAIC recommendations - essay - E - (2019.Spring #5) - Porter.2-Devlpt - regulation: Clayton, Robinson-Patman, & McCarran-Ferguson Acts, NAIC model law - essay - E - (2019.Spring #6) - Porter.12-Insolvency - guaranty funds: how they work, coverage limitations, elimination - essay - E - (2019.Spring #7) - Cook.Personal, Webel.TRIA-1 - auto & terrorism: high-risk auto plans, TRIA (goals & loss-sharing) - essay - E - (2019.Spring #8) - Germani.GovtIns, Horn2018.Flood - WC, crop, flood: reasons for programs, subsidies, participation rates - essay - E - (2019.Spring #9) - Odomirok.8-9-IS - income statement: U/W income, investment income, bond value decrease - calc - E - (2019.Spring #10) - Odomirok.8-9-IS, NAIC.IRIS - calculate: SAP surplus, IRIS 9, identify: liquidity exhibits - essay / calc - E - (2019.Spring #11) - Odomirok.15-P - Schedule P: financial health, reserve adequacy - essay - E - (2019.Spring #12) - Odomirok.18-IEE - calculate: investment gain, describe: surplus allocation issues - essay / calc - E - (2019.Spring #13) - Odomirok.19-RBC, Odomirok.16-17-SAO - interpret: RBC ratio, calculate: materiality standard, R4, RBC ratio - essay / calc - E - (2019.Spring #14) - NAIC.IRIS - calculate: IRIS 10, 11, 12, 13 (and evaluate financial health) - calc - E - (2019.Spring #15) - Odomirok.19-RBC - calculate: R5 - HARD calc - E - (2019.Spring #16) - Odomirok.22-23-GAAP - fair value of liabilities: 3 required components under GAAP - essay - E - (2019.Spring #17) - Odomirok.22-23-GAAP - compare: SAP vs GAAP for various annual statement quantities - essay - E - (2019.Spring #18) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - AOS: items A → E - essay / easy calc - E - (2019.Spring #19) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: bright-line indicator test, RMAD - essay / easy calc - E - (2019.Spring #20) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: id & opinion (language errors, qualified opinion, disclosures) - essay - E - (2019.Spring #21) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: Exhibit A, language for SCOPE, disclosures (pooling, reins) - essay / easy calc - E - (2019.Spring #22) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: opinion, RMAD, new business considerations - essay / easy calc - E - (2019.Spring #23) - Freihaut.Reins, NAIC.SSAP-62R - reinsurance: cash flows in a risk transfer test, accounting treatment - essay - E - (2019.Spring #24) - Klann.ReinsComm - commutations: price & taxation, motivation for commutation - essay / HARD calc 
2018 Fall
- Questions highlighted in orange are outdated. 
- link - reference - paper tested - topic - type of problem - E - (2018.Fall #1) - NAIC.Price - price optimization: regulation, permissibility under actuarial standards - essay - E - (2018.Fall #2) - Porter.5-Opns-State, Porter.12-Insolvency - financial exams, capital & surplus, rehab vs liquidation - essay - E - (2018.Fall #3) - Porter.2-Devlpt, McCarty.Credit - McCarran-Ferguson Act, shortcomings of credit scores - essay - E - (2018.Fall #4) - Feldblum.Ratings - financial strength ratings: importance, stability, information-sharing - essay - E - (2018.Fall #5) - Baribeau.Regs - Dodd-Frank: Federal Insurance Office functions & impact - essay - E - (2018.Fall #6) - Horn.Flood - NFIP: ways of selling, types of subsudies - essay - E - (2018.Fall #7) - Cook.Personal - residual markets: placing risks, loss allocation, FAIR plans - essay - E - (2018.Fall #8) - Webel.TRIA-1 - terrorism: federal/state/private roles, goals of TRIA - essay - E - (2018.Fall #9) - Germani.GovtIns - WC: ads/disds of exclusive state fund, WC residual market - essay - E - (2018.Fall #10) - Odomirok.8-9-IS - calculate: value of investments, surplus, balance sheet impact of events - calc - E - (2018.Fall #11) - Odomirok.8-9-IS - calculate: investment income, U/W income, PDR - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #12) - Odomirok.15-P - Schedule P: reporting conventions by line, interpretation of reinsurance - essay - E - (2018.Fall #13) - Odomirok.15-P - Schedule P: calculate reserve adequacy, considerations - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #14) - Odomirok.18-IEE, Odomirok.8-9-IS - calculate: unpaid loss, incurred loss, U/W gain - calc - E - (2018.Fall #15) - Odomirok.14-F - calculate: provision for reinsurance, strategies to reduce - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #16) - NAIC.IRIS, Odomirok.8-9-IS - calculate: IRIS 7 (you also need to calc surplus, see Odomirok) - calc - E - (2018.Fall #17) - NAIC.IRIS - calculate: IRIS 13, identify reserve adequacy concerns - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #18) - Odomirok.19-RBC, NAIC.IRIS - calculate: RBC ratio, action level & actions, regulator concerns - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #19) - Odomirok.8-9-IS, Odomirok.22-23-GAAP - SAP versus GAAP: intended users, differences between SAP & GAAP - essay - E - (2018.Fall #20) - Odomirok.25-Solv2 - calculate: technical provisions, items required by ORSA - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #21) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: Exhibit A, AOS Exhibits A-D, type of opinion - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #22) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: language for opinion & relevant comments, materiality standard - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #23) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: identify location of given text & errors, type of opinion - essay - E - (2018.Fall #24) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - SAO: identify required disclosures in SAO & AOS - essay - E - (2018.Fall #25) - Freihaut.Reins - risk transfer methods: 10-10 rule, ERD rule - essay / calc - E - (2018.Fall #26) - Klann.ReinsComm - commutation: definition, motivation - essay 
2018 Spring
- link - reference - paper tested - topic - type of problem - E - (2018.Spring #1) - NAIC.Price - price optimization: vs traditional ratemaking, discrimination, regulation, disclosures - essay - E - (2018.Spring #2) - Porter.2-Devlpt - surplus lines: exemption, regulation - essay - E - (2018.Spring #3) - Vaughan.Crisis - regulatory failure: forbearance, associated RBC action levels - essay - E - (2018.Spring #4) - Porter.2-Devlpt - regulation: Paul v VA, McCarran-Ferguson, state & federal regulation - essay - E - (2018.Spring #5) - Porter.2-Devlpt - regulation: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act - essay - E - (2018.Spring #6) - Cook.Personal - residual markets: ARPs (assigned risk plans), JUAs (Joint U/W Associations) - essay - E - (2018.Spring #7) - Porter.12-Insolvency - guaranty funds: solvency regulation, insolvency, elimination of guaranty funds - essay - E - (2018.Spring #8) - Cook.Personal, Germani.GovtIns - government insurance: reasons for, beachfront & windstorm, FAIR plans - essay - E - (2018.Spring #9) - Odomirok.14-F - reinsurance: location of line items in balance sheet & income statement - essay - E - (2018.Spring #10) - Odomirok.8-9-IS - calculate: statutory income, discuss: expense allocation method - essay / calc - E - (2018.Spring #11) - Odomirok.15-P - Schedule P: net loss & expense ratio - calc - E - (2018.Spring #12) - Feldblum.Surplus - calculate: liquidate or continue operations - calc - E - (2018.Spring #13) - Odomirok.12-5yr - interpret: potential areas of concern (no calculations required) - essay - E - (2018.Spring #14) - Odomirok.26-Taxes - calculate: TBI (Tax-Basis Income) - calc - E - (2018.Spring #15) - NAIC.IRIS - calculate: IRIS 5, interpret: how a regulator might respond - essay / calc - E - (2018.Spring #16) - NAIC.IRIS - calculate: IRIS 1,2,4, interpret: how a regulator might respond - essay / calc - E - (2018.Spring #17) - Odomirok.25-Solv2 - 3 pillars: governance pillar (4 functional areas) - essay - E - (2018.Spring #18) - Odomirok.19-RBC - calculate: RBC charge, discuss: excessive premium growth charge - essay / calc - E - (2018.Spring #19) - Odomirok.22-23-GAAP - calculate: surplus, describe: SAP vs GAAP, bond treatment under SAP - essay / calc - E - (2018.Spring #20) - Odomirok.16-17-SAO, COPLFR.SAO - AOS: contents (vs SAO), SOA: required sections, disclosures - essay - E - (2018.Spring #21) - COPLFR.SAO - SAO: disclosures (yes/no for 5 different situations) - essay - E - (2018.Spring #22) - COPLFR.SAO - SAO: work of others, disclosures for changes in assumptions/procedures - essay - E - (2018.Spring #23) - COPLFR.SAO - SAO: Schedule P, point estimate of reserves, opinion - essay - E - (2018.Spring #24) - COPLFR.SAO - AOS: items A,B,C,D,E, - essay - E - (2018.Spring #25) - COPLFR.SAO - SOA: materiality standard (considerations, language for RELEVANT COMMENTS) - essay - E - (2018.Spring #26) - Freihaut.Reins - risk transfer testing: 10-10 rule, substantially all rule, ERD method - essay / calc - E - (2018.Spring #27) - NAIC.SSAP-62R - reinsurance: benefits, prospective vs retroactive - essay 
